![]() Most membranes used as a second stage produced retentate with O&G of more than 40%. Metals (such as copper and zinc) were found to be effectively removed by UF when the pH was greater than 8. This indicates that many dissolved organics are not removed by either chemical or UF treatment. While all UF systems performed consistently well for removing O&G, the treated effluent still had a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 100 to 2 000 mg/L, which is comparable to that found in typical chemically treated wastewater. In addition, tubular membranes typically outperformed spiral-wound membranes in permeate flux and washing frequency. The study found that most UF membranes performed consistently and reliably, producing average permeate oil and grease (O&G) concentrations of less than 100 mg/L, a typical discharge limit for an automotive plant. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted at the Ford Romeo Engine Plant, Romeo, Michigan, to study treatment of raw oily wastewater and skim oil (from chemical deemulsification) using commercially available ultrafiltration (UF) systems as an alternative to chemical deemulsification. Currently at Ford Motor Company, oily wastewater is batch treated by chemical deemulsification whose performance depends on determining optimum chemical dosages and is occasionally inconsistent because of influent fluctuations.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |